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admin-更新于 2024-10-15

1. 使用 Function 创建函数

Function 在被当作构造函数调用的时候,可以用来创建函数。

var fn = new Function(函数参数1, 函数参数2, ..., 函数参数n, 函数体);
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函数体是一个字符串,字符串的内容是就是函数调用时候被执行的语句。

var fn = new Function('a', 'b', 'return a + b');var result = fn(1, 3);console.log(result); // 输出:4
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将上面创建函数的方式“翻译”成常用的创建方式可以是:

var fn = function(a, b) {
  return a + b;};var result = fn(1, 3);console.log(result); // 输出:4
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对比一下就很好理解使用 new Function 时候所传递的参数的含义了。

2. 与常规方式创建函数的区别

这里指的常规方式是指函数声明函数表达式或 ES6 中的箭头函数

使用 Function 创建的函数,最后一个参数,即函数体内在执行的时候作用域是在全局的。

var num = 20;function fn() {
  var num = 10;

  var func = new Function('console.log(num)');

  console.log(num);

  func();}fn();// 输出://  10//  20
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这个例子在执行后,依次输出了 10 ,20 ,根据结果可以知道 new Function 创建的函数,在执行过程中,上层作用域是顶级的全局作用域,在浏览器下即为 window 。

3. 使用场景

使用 Function 来创建函数是比较麻烦的,照道理讲不会有小伙伴会喜欢用这种方式创建函数。

Function 的使用主要场景与 eval 类似,用于动态的运行代码。

如在线的代码解析器就可以配合 Function 完成。

var run = function(code, callback) {
  window._callback = callback;

  var fn = Function(code + ';_callback()');

  fn();};run('console.log("动态执行的代码");', function() {
  console.log('代码执行后做的事');});
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这样就可以实现简单的动态运行代码。

注意:真正需要完成这个功能需要大量的细节处理,如处理输出,处理异步,绝非这么简单。

还有一些代码编译工具会将编译后的代码,使用 new Function 进行包裹,如以下代码:

var number = 1;var flag = false;console.log(number, flag);
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上面这份代码在经过编译后可能会变成:

(new Function('console.log(1,!1)'))()
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这样做是为了缩短代码,另外就是让格式化工具无法很好的格式化代码。

4. 小结

开发者通常不会通过内建对象 Function 来创建函数,更多的是利用 Function 的特性来动态执行代码。

通常情况下 Function 创建的函数,在执行过程中其 this 是指向最顶层的。


FreeMarker template error (DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!): Template inclusion failed (for parameter value "footer.ftl"): Template not found for name "home/footer.ftl". The name was interpreted by this TemplateLoader: MultiTemplateLoader(loader1 = org.springframework.ui.freemarker.SpringTemplateLoader@303dbb92, loader2 = ClassTemplateLoader(resourceLoaderClass=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer, basePackagePath="" /* relatively to resourceLoaderClass pkg */)). ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: #include "footer.ftl" [in template "home/information.ftl" at line 178, column 3] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core._MiscTemplateException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:164) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:335) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:314) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:391) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:304) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:255) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:316) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1406) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1150) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1089) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:965) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:529) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:623) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:209) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:178) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter.doFilterInternal(CorsFilter.java:91) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:178) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:154) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:458) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:373) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:387) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:370) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:154) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:178) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter.doFilter(WebStatFilter.java:114) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:178) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:178) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:178) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:178) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:153) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:481) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:130) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:390) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:926) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1791) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834) Caused by: freemarker.template.TemplateNotFoundException: Template not found for name "home/footer.ftl". The name was interpreted by this TemplateLoader: MultiTemplateLoader(loader1 = org.springframework.ui.freemarker.SpringTemplateLoader@303dbb92, loader2 = ClassTemplateLoader(resourceLoaderClass=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer, basePackagePath="" /* relatively to resourceLoaderClass pkg */)). at freemarker.template.Configuration.getTemplate(Configuration.java:2957) at freemarker.core.Environment.getTemplateForInclusion(Environment.java:3062) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:162) ... 72 more